The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) adjusts its interest rates in line with the U.S. Federal Reserve's decisions primarily because of the linked exchange rate system between the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) and the United States Dollar (USD).
Established in 1983, this system pegs the HKD to the USD within a narrow band, currently at a rate of about 7.8 HKD to 1 USD, with allowable fluctuations within a tight range.
To keep the currency peg stable, the HKMA must adjust its interest rates to be in line with those of the USD. If the interest rates in Hong Kong were significantly higher than those in the U.S., it would attract a flow of USD into Hong Kong, increasing the demand for HKD and potentially pushing the exchange rate outside its designated band. Conversely, if Hong Kong's rates were much lower, it would encourage outflows of HKD in exchange for USD, again risking the stability of the peg.
You'll note the HKMA benchmark rate is above the Fed's. The HKMA shadows the Fed to maintain the peg but keeps its base rate about 50 basis points higher as a built-in buffer. This ensures investors don’t always prefer USD over HKD, supporting currency stability.
